Encyclopedia entry

Pineal Gland

Version 1

Abstract

The pineal body is variable in size and is calcified in 40% of subjects over 20 years of age, but rarely in individuals under this age. Because calcium is visible on x-ray it is a significant and useful aid in diagnosis of space-occupying lesions within the skull. Choroid plexus and habenular calcification have also been useful in diagnosis of lesions of the nervous system. Calcified choroid plexus has a reported incidence of 6.1-28% in all persons over 20 years of age. Pineal calcification occurs in 33 - 76% of the white population.

The pineal body is variable in size and is calcified in 40% of subjects over 20 years of age, but rarely in individuals under this age. Because calcium is visible on x-ray it is a significant and useful aid in diagnosis of space-occupying lesions within the skull. Choroid plexus and habenular calcification have also been useful in diagnosis of lesions of the nervous system. Calcified choroid plexus has a reported incidence of 6.1-28% in all persons over 20 years of age.

Pineal calcification occurs in 33 - 76% of the white population. In 230 pineal bodies studied from the black population (Ugandans), calcification in subjects at least 10 years old, was present in 68% and radiographically demonstrable in 43 of the 68% (Mugandi and Poltera (1976) cited by Lang, (1983).

Riferimenti dell’opera originale

Elenco riportato come compare nella fonte, senza normalizzazione dei formati bibliografici.

  • Dyke, C.G. (1930) Indirect signs of brain tumor as noted in routine roentgen examinations. Displacement of the pineal shadow. (A survey of 3000 consecutive skull examinations). Am. J. Roentgenol. 23:598-606.
  • Fray, W.W. (1937) Roentgenologic study of orientation of the pineal body. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 38:1199-1207.
  • Fray, W.W. (1938) A roentgenological study of pineal orientation. Am. J. Roentgenol. 39:899-907.
  • Lang, J. (1983) Clinical Anatomy of the Head. Neurocranium, Orbit. Craniocervical Regions. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York.
  • Lilja, B. (1939) Displacement of the calcified pineal body in roentgen pictures as an aid in diagnosing intracranial tumors. Acta Radiol. [Suppl.] 37:1-182.
  • Lorenz, R. (1940) Zur lagebestimmung der verkalkten Glandula pinealis im Röntgenbild. Fortschritte Röntgenstr. 61:338-348.
  • Malbin, M. (1948) Mobile calcified choroid plexus. Radiology 51:383-386.
  • Stauffer, H.M., Snow, L.E. and A.B. Adams. (1953) Roentgenologic recognition of habenular calcification as distinct from calcification in the pineal body. Its application in cerebral localization. Am. J. Roentgenol. 70:83-92.
  • Vastine, J.H. and K.K. Kinney. (1927) The pineal shadow as an aid in localization of brain tumors. Am. J. Roentgenology 17:320-324.

Anatomical classification

Systems:
Endocrine system

Content provenance

Translation

Italian translation of «Pineal Gland — Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System» by Ronald A. Bergman, Adel K. Afifi, Ryosuke Miyauchi. Source: https://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/OrganSystem/Text/PinealGland.shtml Original work distributed under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.it). Translation by Redazione AIVA. Changes from the original: Traduzione italiana del testo originale inglese, che resta consultabile nella versione inglese di questa pagina. Il contenuto è stato riorganizzato nel formato scheda del portale (sintesi, testo, riferimenti) senza modificarne le affermazioni. Le figure non sono state copiate: sono collegate alla pagina d’origine. This publication is not approved or endorsed by the authors of the original work.

Licence

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