Arteria carotide interna

La carotide interna fornisce raramente rami nel collo. Tuttavia, è stato riportato che le arterie faringea ascendente, occipitale, facciale trasversa e linguale, così come un’arteria laringea e un’arteria meningea, originino tutte dalla carotide interna prima del suo ingresso nel canale carotideo.

La carotide interna può assumere un decorso sinuoso con una curva pronunciata o una forma a ferro di cavallo, o può persino formare un’ansa completa nella porzione cervicale superiore del vaso. Questo inginocchiamento (kinking) dell’arteria può però essere dovuto a una malattia cardiovascolare.

Questa arteria è occasionalmente assente, in modo unilaterale o bilaterale. In una revisione di angiografie carotidee di 1407 pazienti è stato riscontrato un caso di agenesia bilaterale delle arterie carotidi interne (0,07%).

Quando è assente, la carotide interna può essere sostituita da rami dell’arteria mascellare.

Il canale (o i canali) carotideo può essere assente.

L’arteria carotide può decorrere esposta all’interno della cavità dell’orecchio medio.

In un caso, la carotide interna dava origine a un’arteria «vertebrale» che entrava nella cavità cranica attraverso il canale dell’ipoglosso.

La carotide interna fornisce occasionalmente un vaso aberrante nel seno cavernoso, che decorre posteriormente per anastomizzarsi con l’arteria basilare. Sono state inoltre riportate segnalazioni di una carotide interna che dà origine all’arteria basilare.

La carotide interna può passare attraverso un anello osseo formato da una spicula che origina dal processo clinoideo anteriore e si unisce al processo clinoideo medio.

Fra i rami inusuali della carotide interna si annoverano la faringea ascendente, l’occipitale, la facciale trasversa, la meningea accessoria e l’arteria centrale della retina.

In uno studio dissettorio su 200 emicolli (o lati), la carotide interna decorreva dorsolateralmente alla carotide esterna nel 38% dei casi, dorsalmente alla carotide esterna nel 38,5% e dorsomedialmente alla carotide esterna nel 23,5%.

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Riferimenti dell’opera originale

Elenco riportato come compare nella fonte, senza normalizzazione dei formati bibliografici. Le voci non sono tradotte: un riferimento bibliografico si cita nella lingua in cui è pubblicato.

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